ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Diagnostic performance of wearable acoustic-electrocardiographic indices for screening secundum atrial septal defect in children.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of acoustic-electrocardiographic indices derived from a wearable phonocardiogram-electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor for screening secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 children (4-12 years) with secundum ASD and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. A wearable patch device recorded synchronized single-lead ECG and phonocardiogram, and S2 splitting time, S1-S2, S1-S2/RR (%), EMAT and EMAT/RR (%) were derived from artifact-free sinus beats at end-expiration. Group differences were assessed using independent-samples Results: Baseline demographic, anthropometric, and hemodynamic variables were well balanced between ASD and control groups. Compared with healthy controls, children with ASD had significantly prolonged S2 splitting time (39.65 ± 8.37 vs. 28.20 ± 8.91 ms; Conclusions: Wearable acoustic-electrocardiographic monitoring enables quantitative assessment of S2 splitting and systolic time fractions in children. Prolonged S2 splitting time and increased S1-S2/RR (%) are characteristic of secundum ASD and show good diagnostic performance, supporting these simple indices from a patch-type phonocardiogram-ECG sensor as a practical non-invasive tool for pediatric ASD screening.
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