Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42182320›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

The SPARK complex forms the molecular basis of vertebrate fertilization.

Victoria E Deneke, Johannes P Suwita, Haoting Wang, Shingo Tonai, Yonggang Lu, Karin Panser, Alexander Schleiffer, Jeremy A Hollis, Maria Novatchkova, Gerhard Dürnberger and 12 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Victoria E DenekeResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-4404-8706
Johannes P SuwitaResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0009-0007-7188-8376
Haoting WangDepartment of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0009-0000-5176-7170
Shingo TonaiDepartment of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0466-2450
Yonggang LuPremium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0198-8906
Karin PanserResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Alexander SchleifferResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-6251-2747
Jeremy A HollisDivision of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0003-3375-8937
Maria NovatchkovaResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-8462-7171
Gerhard DürnbergerResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-5059-5362
Karel StejskalInstitute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Gabriela KrssakovaResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Andreas BlahaResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-0995-4228
Aleq Adrianne R AndresanResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Muriel MirusResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Hana MarvanovaVienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Hsin-Yi ChangDepartment of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0009-0008-9874-0483
Taichi NodaInstitute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0260-7861
Alejandro BurgaInstitute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-0211-4357
Elisabeth RoitingerInstitute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3405-7801
Masahito IkawaDepartment of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9859-6217
Andrea PauliResearch Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-9646-2303

Funding

The Molecular Basis for Integrin-Mediated Bidirectional SignalingR35GM147414 · NIGMS · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER CENTER · PI Melody G Campbell · 2022 to 2026
$2.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM147414
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fertilization requires gamete recognition and membrane fusion, yet the molecular basis of this process in vertebrates remains unknown. Here we identify SPARK (sperm protein assembly and receptor-binding key), a conserved multi-protein complex that integrates all known sperm fertilization factors, including TMEM81-IZUMO1-SPACA6 and DCST1/2, together with two newly identified components, TMDD1 and FAM187A. SPARK subunits are mutually dependent for stability in mature sperm, and disruption of any single component causes male sterility in zebrafish and mice. Incubating zebrafish sperm with soluble egg receptor Bouncer partially rescues fertilization of Bouncer-deficient eggs in a SPARK-dependent manner, consistent with egg receptor binding priming the complex for fusion. Thus, we propose SPARK as a conserved molecular machine that couples gamete recognition to membrane fusion.

Indexed as

AlphaFold structural predictionsfertilizationgamete recognitionmembrane fusionmousereproductive biologysperm-egg interactionzebrafish

Identifiers

PMID42182320
PMCPMC13192892

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.