ArticleCureus2026
Derivation and Validation of a Food Inflammatory Index Calibrated to Brazilian Dietary Patterns in Adults After Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe inflammatory potential of the diet modulates immune pathways implicated in residual cardiovascular risk after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Because dietary patterns differ across populations, culturally calibrated tools are needed to accurately assess the inflammatory properties of habitual intake. We aimed to derive a food group-based Food Inflammatory Index (FII), anchored to a multimarker inflammatory panel, in Brazilian adults undergoing secondary prevention and to evaluate its construct validity.
methodsThis cross-sectional analysis included baseline data from 170 adults enrolled two to six months after AMI in a dietary intervention trial. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and aggregated into 31 food groups. Seven plasma biomarkers (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were standardized and combined into a composite inflammatory gradient. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns that maximized the explained variance in this gradient. Backward stepwise linear regression was then applied to derive food group weights for the FII, with higher scores indicating a more pro-inflammatory dietary profile. Biological coherence was examined using correlation and multivariable regression analyses.
resultsParticipants were predominantly male (74.1%, n = 126), with a mean age of 58.6 ± 9 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.5 ± 4.4 kg/m². The median FII was 1.82 (interquartile range (IQR): 0.74-3.16). Weak but statistically significant correlations were observed between the FII and TNF-α (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.035) and IFN-γ (ρ = 0.15, p = 0.049); however, these associations were no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and energy intake.
conclusionsAn empirical FII calibrated to Brazilian dietary patterns in adults after AMI was derived using a multibiomarker inflammatory approach. The index showed modest evidence of biological coherence through weak unadjusted associations with selected inflammatory biomarkers, but these associations were not sustained after multivariable adjustment. Therefore, findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Further longitudinal and external validation studies are necessary to determine the reproducibility, predictive validity, and clinical applicability of the proposed index.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.