Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42186068›Full record

ArticleGut pathogens2026

Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characteristics of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains from diarrheal patients in Shandong, China.

Ruyue Fan, Peibin Hou, Bin Hu, Ying Yang, Na Sun, Dandi Li, Yuan Gao, Hao Song, Wenjuan Liu, Tingting Miao and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gut pathogens, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ruyue Fan *NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
Peibin Hou *NHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
Bin HuNHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
Ying YangNHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
Na SunNHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
Dandi LiNHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China.
Yuan GaoLinyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, Shandong, China.
Hao SongTaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, Shandong, China.
Wenjuan LiuYantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong, China.
Tingting MiaoWeihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong, China.
Kai GuoQingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Weiwei LiNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.
Yunchang GuoNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.
Shaofei YanNHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China. yanshaofei@cfsa.net.cn.
Xinpeng LiNHC Specialty Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Standard Development (Food Microorganisms), Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shangdong, China. lixinpeng246@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of foodborne illness worldwide. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical NTS isolates from Shandong, China, and to characterize the genomic determinants of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

methodsA total of 125 NTS strains were isolated and identified from diarrhea patients in Shandong, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and plasmid replicons, serotypes, sequence types (STs) were determined through WGS analysis.

resultsThe NTS isolates in this study showed high resistance to ampicillin (AMP, 73.6%), tetracycline (TET, 62.4%), and chloramphenicol (CHL, 56.8%), among them the multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 59.2%. In total, 28 serotypes, and 30 STs were identified, with ST34 serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- being the most prevalent. Genomic analysis revealed 63 ARGs and 171 VFGs across all isolates. Type VI secretion system-associated genes were identified in Salmonella Liverpool (S. Liverpool). Plasmid replicons, especially Col(pHAD28), pKPC-CAV1321, and IncHI2, were more frequently present among MDR isolates. Among dominant serotypes, S. Enteritidis carried the highest number of VFGs but relatively few ARGs compared with other dominant serotypes.

conclusionThese findings indicate a substantial MDR burden and diverse genomic features among clinical NTS isolates in Shandong, China. The deep understanding of resistance and virulence characteristics from NTS genome can be quite supportive for continuous surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.

Indexed as

ARGsMDRNTSPlasmidsVFGs

Identifiers

PMID42186068
PMCPMC13459773

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.