Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42189284›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

Liraglutide ameliorates diabetic lung injury and muscle damage via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Atrogin-1/AMPK signaling pathways.

Marwa Abdeltawab Mohammed, Mai Abdou Yousef, Alshimaa Mohamed Abdelmohymen, Sahar Mohamed Mostafa, Hoda Ramadan Reyad, Sherif Faysal Abdelfattah, Enas Ezzat Rateb

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marwa Abdeltawab MohammedDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. marwadawaa1@gmail.com.
Mai Abdou YousefDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Alshimaa Mohamed AbdelmohymenDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Sahar Mohamed MostafaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Hoda Ramadan ReyadDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Sherif Faysal AbdelfattahDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Enas Ezzat RatebDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetic complications extend beyond metabolic disturbances to include end-organ damage, with emerging evidence including lung and skeletal muscle dysfunction as under recognized manifestations. This study investigated the protective effects of liraglutide against pulmonary and muscular impairments in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.

methodsFifteen rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic treated with liraglutide. Serum parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, lipid profile, methylglyoxal, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were assessed. In lung tissue, IL-1β levels and NF-κB and TLR4 expression were analyzed. In skeletal muscle, MAPK and HSP70 levels, and Atrogin-1 and AMPK expression were evaluated. Histopathological changes were examined in both tissues.

resultsDiabetic rats exhibited significant hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, elevated methylglyoxal and HIF-1α, along with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the lung, while skeletal muscle showed an increase of muscle atrophy. Liraglutide treatment significantly ameliorated molecular and structural alterations in both organs.

conclusionLiraglutide exerts protective effects against diabetic lung injury and skeletal muscle damage by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and atrophy-related signaling pathways.

Indexed as

LiraglutideLung InjuryAMP-Activated Protein KinasesAnimalsBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitLungMaleMuscle ProteinsMuscle, SkeletalNF-kappa BOxidative StressRatsSignal TransductionAMP-Activated Protein KinasesBlood GlucoseFbxo32 protein, ratHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitLiraglutideMuscle ProteinsNF-kappa BSKP Cullin F-Box Protein LigasesTlr4 protein, ratToll-Like Receptor 4AMPKAtrogin-1HIF-1αHSP70MAPK

Identifiers

PMID42189284

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.