Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42189406›Full record

ArticleClinical and experimental nephrology2026

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cognitive function in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Kazuhiko Kato, Akio Nakashima, Chiharu Aizawa, Arisa Kobayashi, Shunichiro Shinagawa, Ichiro Ohkido, Mitsuyoshi Urashima, Takashi Yokoo

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kazuhiko KatoDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Akio NakashimaDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. a-nakashima@jikei.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-0301
Chiharu AizawaDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Arisa KobayashiDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Shunichiro ShinagawaDepartment of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Ichiro OhkidoDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Mitsuyoshi UrashimaDivision of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Takashi YokooDivision of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Funding

Grant for Pathophysiological Research Conference in Chronic Kidney Disease from the Kidney Foundation, Japan JKFB21-15Grant for Pathophysiological Research Conference in Chronic Kidney Disease from the Kidney Foundation, Japan JKFB23-7JSPS KAKENHI 20K17259JSPS KAKENHI 23K07727
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment is highly prevalent among older adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis; however, its pathophysiology is multifactorial and poorly understood. Evidence linking the lipid-profile components to cognitive function in patients undergoing hemodialysis remains limited. To address this evidence gap, we evaluated the associations between serum lipid-profile components and global cognitive function.

methodsWe conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥ 65 years receiving maintenance hemodialysis at seven dialysis centers in Japan. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured immediately before the first hemodialysis session of the week. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for clinical comorbidities and markers of nutritional status, inflammation, and dialysis adequacy.

resultsAmong 265 participants (median age, 74 years; 67.6% male), higher serum HDL-C levels were independently associated with higher MoCA scores (fully adjusted model: β = 0.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.10; P < 0.001) and MMSE scores (β = 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.06; P = 0.031). In contrast, the serum LDL-C and TG levels showed no significant associations with either cognitive assessment.

conclusionHigher serum HDL-C levels were associated with better global cognitive function in older patients undergoing hemodialysis, whereas the LDL-C and TG levels were not significantly related to cognitive scores.

Indexed as

Cholesterol, HDLCognitionCognitive DysfunctionRenal DialysisAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCholesterol, LDLCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJapanLinear ModelsMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMultivariate AnalysisBiomarkersCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLTriglyceridesCognitive dysfunctionHemodialysisHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Identifiers

PMID42189406

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.