ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2026
Insulin resistance and sarcopenia: independent and combined associations with obesity and dietary protein intake.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the independent association between insulin resistance and sarcopenia in adults and to assess whether this relationship differs across sex, age, diabetes status, obesity, and dietary protein intake strata.
methodsThis cross-sectional analysis included 6,670 adults aged 20-70 years from the Monitoring of Metabolic Diseases Risk Factors in Tehran (MMRT) cohort. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest two population quintiles of skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Insulin resistance was quantified using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic, biochemical, and clinical covariates. Subgroup and combined-phenotype analyses were performed by sex, age, diabetes, obesity, and protein intake levels.
resultsSarcopenia prevalence was 39.6%. Participants with sarcopenia were older, had higher BMI and HOMA-IR, and lower physical activity, socioeconomic status, and macronutrient intake. Higher HOMA-IR was associated with 2.64-fold greater odds of sarcopenia (95%CI:2.25-3.10,p < 0.001). Associations persisted across subgroups and were stronger in females (OR = 3.43) than males (OR = 1.47). Insulin-resistant participants with obesity had the highest sarcopenia odds (OR = 4.47), followed by non-obese insulin-resistant individuals (OR = 2.96) and insulin-sensitive individuals with obesity (OR = 1.49). Low protein intake amplified the effect of insulin resistance (OR = 2.92), while higher protein intake partially mitigated risk (OR = 1.81). Mean SMI decreased progressively across HOMA-IR quartiles.
conclusionInsulin resistance is independently and strongly associated with sarcopenia, particularly among females and individuals with obesity. Coexistence of low protein intake and insulin resistance markedly worsens muscle loss, suggesting that targeted metabolic and nutritional interventions may help preserve muscle mass in insulin-resistant populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42189481What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.