Evidence mapPaperPMID 42191908Full record

ReviewDie Ophthalmologie2026

[Vitreous body substitutes: current solutions and future perspectives].

Maximilian Hammer, Valentin Junge, Niklas Junker, Gerd Uwe Auffarth, Peter Szurman, André Schulz

Abstract readEnglish AbstractReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Die Ophthalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maximilian HammerUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland. maximilianhammer@icloud.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5496-2537
Valentin JungeKlinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland.
Niklas JunkerUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Gerd Uwe AuffarthUniversitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Peter SzurmanAugenklinik Sulzbach, Knappschaft Kliniken Saar, Sulzbach, Deutschland.
André SchulzKlinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe human vitreous body plays an important role in intraocular homeostasis and fulfils structural, metabolic and immunological functions. In the context of vitreoretinal surgery artificial endotamponades are introduced to stabilize the retina.

objectiveClinically established endotamponades, their applications, advantages and disadvantages, the distinction from total vitreous body replacement and the development of hydrophilic vitreous body substitutes are presented. The current state of development and the potential of synthetic hydrogels as vitreous body substitutes are analyzed. MATERIAL AND

methodsDiscussion of the basic literature and review articles on surgical endotamponades and hydrogel-based vitreous body substitutes.

resultsAll established endotamponades exert a local stabilizing function through the principle of buoyancy or counterbuoyancy combined with surface tension and show disadvantages for the patient. Vitreous body substitutes, which can fully replace the physiological functions of the natural vitreous body, must be distinguished from endotamponades. The development of hydrogels has progressed through four generations, each offering promising approaches.

conclusionThere are promising solutions involving synthetic hydrogels that could undertake and even expand the physiological role of the vitreous body as vitreous body substitutes, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Indexed as

Biocompatible MaterialsHydrogelsVitrectomyVitreoretinal SurgeryVitreous BodyForecastingHumansBiocompatible MaterialsHydrogelsEndotamponadeHydrogelPlatform technologyRetinal surgeryVitrectomy

Identifiers

PMID42191908

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.