Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42192455›Full record

ArticleItalian journal of pediatrics2026

Burden of non-invasive fungal infections and antifungal therapy in pediatric primary care settings: FUNGICARE Project.

Lorenzo Chiusaroli, Emelyne Gres, Claudia Cozzolino Cangiano, Anna Cantarutti, Daniele Donà, Carlo Giaquinto, Vincenzo Baldo, Elisa Barbieri

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In one paragraph

Article in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lorenzo ChiusaroliDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy. Lorenzo.chiusaroli@phd.unipd.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9633-873X
Emelyne GresDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy.
Claudia Cozzolino CangianoDepartment of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy.
Anna CantaruttiUnit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Daniele DonàDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy.
Carlo GiaquintoDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy.
Vincenzo BaldoDepartment of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy.
Elisa BarbieriDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35126, Padua, Italy.

Funding

Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFungal infections are common worldwide and a frequent reason for pediatric primary care visits, mainly affecting the skin, hair, and nails, with a consistently high prevalence in outpatient settings. This study aimed to assess the burden of fungal infections in pediatric primary care in Italy and characterize the patterns of antifungal therapy use.

methodsThis population database analysis used data from Pedianet, a comprehensive database of 193 family pediatricians in Italy. The annual incidence rate (IR) of fungal infections was evaluated in children aged < 14 years from January 2010 to December 2024. Subjects were followed up from 2010 or their enrollment date until the end of assistance or the end of the study period. All antifungal treatments occurring within an episode were included.

resultsA total of 23,463 episodes of fungal infection were identified, including 23,034 episodes of skin and mucocutaneous mycoses and 429 episodes of onychomycosis. The most frequent diagnoses were Candida-associated diaper dermatitis (52.1%) and mucocutaneous candidiasis (27.4%). Between 2010 and 2019, the incidence of fungal infections remained stable at 11-14 cases per 1,000 person-years. A marked decline across all age groups was observed in 2020, reflecting the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Regarding treatment, 144/429 (33.6%) of onychomycosis episodes received an antifungal prescription, mainly tioconazole, while 8347/23,034 (36.3%) of skin and mucocutaneous mycoses were treated, predominantly with clotrimazole.

conclusionThis population-based cohort study updates the epidemiology of non-invasive fungal infections in pediatric outpatients and underscores the need for greater awareness, improved diagnosis, prevention, and antifungal stewardship in primary care.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsDermatomycosesMycosesPrimary Health CareAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantItalyMaleAntifungal AgentsAntifungal treatmentChildrenEpidemiologyFungal infectionsOutpatientsPediatricPrimary care

Identifiers

PMID42192455
PMCPMC13393752

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.