Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42192849›Full record

ArticleBrain sciences2026

Investigating Treatment Response in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Through Neuromodulation and Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models: Preliminary Clinical Observations from a Translational Study.

Beatrice Benatti, Matteo Marcatili, Rodolfo Leuzzi, Massimo Clerici, Luciano Conti, Massimo Gennarelli, Carlo Sala, Federico Bernoni d'Aversa, Valentina Casati, Michele Castiglioni and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Beatrice BenattiDepartment of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0539-7150
Matteo MarcatiliDepartment of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCSS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy.
Rodolfo LeuzziDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Massimo ClericiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Luciano ContiDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2050-9846
Massimo GennarelliDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
Carlo SalaCNR Istituto di Neuroscienze, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
Federico Bernoni d'AversaUnità di Genetica, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-1779-3731
Valentina CasatiDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0003-2963-578X
Michele CastiglioniDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Camilla GesiDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6898-4374
Nicolaja GironeDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0761-2096
Luca LariniDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Alessandra MinelliDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9463-7808
Emma RinaldiDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Matteo VismaraDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit 2, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9533-8615
Bernardo Dell'OssoCRC 'Aldo Ravelli' for Neurotechnology & Experimental Brain Therapeutics, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Funding

Ministero della Salute Bando Ricerca Finalizzata RF-2021-12374133
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTreatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous and clinically challenging condition. Growing evidence suggests alterations in glutamatergic signaling within cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuits, including those involving medium spiny neurons (MSNs), as well as genetic factors affecting synaptic organization, although the biological mechanisms underlying differential treatment response remain incompletely understood.

methodsThis multicenter study presents a translational research framework aimed at investigating potential molecular and cellular correlates of treatment response in a cohort of patients with OCD, stratified according to their response to pharmacological treatments and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from clinically defined subgroups are reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells and differentiated into MSN-enriched neuronal cultures, enabling in vitro investigation of morphological, biochemical, and transcriptomic features associated with different clinical profiles. Optogenetic and pharmacological stimulation paradigms are applied to probe selected aspects of neuronal activation in vitro, providing a controlled and simplified experimental framework to explore cellular responses under different treatment conditions. By integrating clinical phenotyping with patient-derived cellular models, this study establishes a translational platform for hypothesis generation in the investigation of treatment response in OCD. RESULTS AND

conclusionsPreliminary clinical observations from an initial cohort undergoing neuromodulation are also reported to document feasibility and early clinical implementation of the study, providing an initial characterization of the cohort.

Indexed as

induced pluripotent stem cellsmedium spiny neuronsneuromodulationobsessive–compulsive disordertranscranial magnetic stimulationtranslational psychiatrytreatment-resistant OCD

Identifiers

PMID42192849
PMCPMC13205058

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.