Smoking and Multidimensional Well-Being: Gender and Cohort Differences in China.

Aqsa Nadeem, Li Zheng, Xiaohe Xu, Jingyi Zhu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aqsa NadeemDepartment of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.ORCID 0009-0007-7576-9155

Li ZhengDepartment of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6798-7861

Xiaohe XuDepartment of Sociology and Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1484-6635

Jingyi ZhuDepartment of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.

Funding

National Social Science Foundation of China 22BSH053

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Smoking behavior (SB) remains a critical public health challenge in China, yet evidence on its longitudinal associations with multidimensional well-being remains limited. This study examines the relationship between smoking and three dimensions of well-being-depression, self-rated health, and happiness-using three recent waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS; 2018, 2020, 2022) with 61,127 observations from 32,329 individuals. Growth curve modeling was employed to assess whether smoking is associated with well-being and whether these associations vary by gender and birth cohort. Three main findings emerge. First, smoking is positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.210,

Indexed as

Chinacohort effectsgender differencessmokingwell-being

Identifiers

PMID42193634

DOI10.3390/bs16050755

PMCPMC13203542

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.