ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2026
Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Prevention and Tailored Clinical Management.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cardiovascular risk imposed by chronic kidney disease is significantly enhanced, and carotid atherosclerosis is an early indicator of systemic vascular damage. In this review, we summarize available data relative to primary prevention strategies for carotid atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a focus on risk-adapted and stage-specific management. We conducted a narrative review of the literature. A structured literature search was performed in major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar), focusing on studies published between 2012 and 2025, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and international guideline recommendations. The review focuses on blood pressure management, lipid-lowering therapy, glycemic control, antiplatelet therapy, as well as lifestyle interventions and screening strategies in patients with CKD without a history of cerebrovascular events. CKD-specific processes, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification, may influence the progression of carotid plaques, highlighting the need to improve traditional and non-traditional risk factor management. The focus of prevention continues to emphasize blood pressure (BP) and lipid control as well. At the same time, routine carotid screening and systematically implemented antiplatelet therapy have no known benefit, but the potential for elevated bleeding risk, especially in advanced CKD. Primary prevention should therefore focus on optimal medical treatment, as well as disease-specific strategies according to CKD stage. Additional CKD-specific studies with carotid endpoints are necessary.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.