Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42196161›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Host Determinants of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy: Immune, Genetic, Metabolic, and Lifestyle Factors.

Ali Awada, Nicole Charbel, Sary Faraj, Mohammad Hassan, Duha Awada, Andrea Issa, Wajih Nasr, Sara El Meski, Zuhair Hatahet, Ali Tarhini and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ali AwadaDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
Nicole CharbelDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0004-7877-3086
Sary FarajDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
Mohammad HassanDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
Duha AwadaFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli P.O. Box 100, Lebanon.
Andrea IssaDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0000-7015-8709
Wajih NasrDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0006-9510-169X
Sara El MeskiDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0008-6434-0289
Zuhair HatahetDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
Ali TarhiniDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0009-0003-6477-5286
Joe RizkallahDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
Firas KreidiehDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.ORCID 0000-0003-2751-5154

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing antitumor immune responses; however, clinical outcomes remain highly variable across patients and tumor types. While tumor-intrinsic factors such as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden provide some predictive value, they do not fully explain response heterogeneity. Increasing evidence highlights the critical role of host-related determinants in modulating ICI efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of key host factors, including baseline immune competence, T-cell repertoire diversity, cytokine profiles, and peripheral biomarkers. It further examines the impact of germline genetics, HLA genotype, and epigenetic regulation on immune responses. The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites is explored, alongside the impact of metabolic status, obesity, nutrition, and lifestyle behaviors. Additionally, the effects of co-medications and comorbidities are discussed. Integrating these host-related factors may improve patient stratification and support the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsAnimalsGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansImmunotherapyLife StyleImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsconcomitant medicationshost determinantshost geneticsimmune checkpoint inhibitorslifestyle factorsmetabolismmicrobiomepredictive biomarkerstreatment response

Identifiers

PMID42196161
PMCPMC13207992

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.