ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
The Metabolic Architecture of Glaucoma: A Unified Framework of Cofactor Failure and Kynurenine Dysregulation.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Glaucoma remains a primary cause of blindness, yet its pathogenesis often extends beyond intraocular pressure (IOP). This review integrates four converging lines of metabolic evidence-aqueous humor (AH) metabolomics, kynurenine pathway (KP) activity, tetrahydrobiopterin (H4BIP) biology, and NAD/one-carbon dysfunction-into a testable framework for retinal ganglion cell vulnerability. By utilizing a systematic AH metabolomics atlas covering glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, and diabetes on a standardized HILIC-LC-HRMS platform, we demonstrate that, while aromatic amino acid elevations are non-specific markers, kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) upregulation is a condition-specific glaucoma signature. These local findings are corroborated by systemic evidence: POAG patients exhibit significant folic acid deficiency (
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