Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Latino Populations in Texas: A Scoping Review.

Lais Yuki Tuzino Kamia, Emily Gonzalez, Cassandra M Swanson, Stephanie L Gomez, Ariann M Canales, Ramona Salcedo Price

Abstract readScoping Review

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lais Yuki Tuzino KamiaNutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-0089-6978

Emily GonzalezNutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.

Cassandra M SwansonNutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.

Stephanie L GomezNutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.

Ariann M CanalesNutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.

Ramona Salcedo PriceNutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Applied Arts, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6018-9528

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in Texas is 45% higher than the national average, with disproportionate burden among the Hispanic/Latino population. Despite significant health disparities, comprehensive evidence on HCC risk factors specific to this population remains limited. This scoping review of 20 primarily observational studies utilized PubMed, EbscoHost, and the PRISMA-ScR checklist to map risk factors in south Texas. Results show that metabolic dysfunction, specifically diabetes and obesity, increases advanced liver disease odds by 7- to 12-fold compared to non-Hispanic groups. Environmental exposures are also significant: aflatoxin was detected in 5.7 to 7.3% of Hispanic/Latino HCC tumors, and cases demonstrated 6-fold higher odds of aflatoxin biomarkers, while alcohol contributed to 3.0% of cancers. Furthermore, PNPLA3 genetic variants exerted synergistic effects with obesity and heavy alcohol consumption. Among four intervention studies, strategies included low-dose calcium montmorillonite clay for aflatoxin reduction, community-health-worker-integrated chronic care, and hospital-based hepatitis screening. However, critical research gaps remain regarding multirisk factor interactions, toxin dose-response characterization, dietary interventions, and longitudinal data. These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally tailored, community-engaged prevention programs and ethnicity-specific HCC guidelines for the Texas Hispanic/Latino population to effectively address these rising health disparities.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularHispanic or LatinoLiver NeoplasmsAcyltransferasesAflatoxinsHumansLipaseMembrane ProteinsPhospholipases A2, Calcium-IndependentRisk FactorsTexasAcyltransferasesAflatoxinsLipaseMembrane ProteinsPhospholipases A2, Calcium-IndependentPNPLA3 protein, humanenvironmental risk factorsgeneticshepatocellular carcinomaHispanic/Latino populationsmetabolic risk factorsTexas

Identifiers

PMID42196623

DOI10.3390/ijms27104648

PMCPMC13207018

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.