ArticleNutrients2026
Circadian Modulation of Protein Catabolism: Insight from a Population Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Circadian control of immune homeostasis in cardiovascular health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesUrinary urea excretion is a marker of protein catabolism and follows circadian biological rhythms. Although small-scale studies have suggested a diurnal pattern, its population-level characterisation and determinants remain poorly defined.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted within the Ticino Epidemiological Stiffness Study (TEST-study), a population-based cross-sectional analysis of 1202 adults (≥18 years) recruited in the Italian-speaking region of Switzerland in 2017-2018. A final analytical sample of 859 participants provided 24 h urine collections divided into diurnal and nocturnal fractions, from which a day-to-night (Day/Night) urea excretion ratio was calculated as the primary outcome. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent determinants.
resultsAcross the cohort, a predominant nocturnal pattern of urinary urea excretion was observed, with a mean Day/Night ratio below 1. In younger women (<40 years), the ratio approached 1, indicating an attenuated Day/Night pattern, whereas older women (>65 years) displayed a significantly more pronounced nocturnal predominance. No comparable age-related trend was observed in men. In multivariable analysis, advancing age, greater nocturnal blood pressure dipping, and higher sodium excretion were independently associated with the Day/Night urea ratio.
conclusionsUrinary urea excretion, a surrogate marker of protein catabolism, exhibits a measurable Day/Night variation, associated with age, sex, and hemodynamic factors. These findings provide insights for chrononutritional strategies aimed at preserving muscle health across lifespan.
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