ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Biomaterial Engineering for Spatiotemporal Regulation of Exosome Functions: From Design Principles to Key Applications in Regenerative Medicine.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advanced nanocatalytic medicine for genitourinary diseases: Reactive oxygen modulation, precision therapeutics, and clinical translation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Review
- Application of Temporally Controlled Release Systems in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration: From Material Design to Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As natural nanoscale intercellular messengers, exosomes exhibit considerable potential in modulating inflammation, angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and tissue remodeling, making them attractive candidates for regenerative medicine. However, their clinical translation remains limited by rapid systemic clearance, nonspecific biodistribution, insufficient lesion retention, and functional attenuation in hostile pathological microenvironments. In this review, we propose that biomaterial engineering should evolve from providing passive exosome carriers to constructing active regulatory platforms capable of precise spatiotemporal control. We summarize engineering strategies along two complementary dimensions. In the temporal dimension, biomaterials can enable sustained, sequential, or microenvironment-responsive release to match the dynamic phases of tissue repair. In the spatial dimension, biomaterials can improve local retention, tissue anchoring, structural guidance, endogenous cell recruitment, and lesion-specific delivery. Using cutaneous wound healing, osteochondral regeneration, myocardial repair, and neural regeneration as representative examples, we further analyze these strategies through a "clinical challenge-engineering strategy-biological mechanism" framework, with particular attention to how engineered systems influence key signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR. We also discuss translational barriers, including exosome heterogeneity, safety concerns inherited from parental cells, large-scale GMP-compliant manufacturing, product standardization, storage stability, and regulatory classification of exosome-biomaterial hybrids. Finally, we highlight emerging directions, including multi-mechanism combinational systems, closed-loop responsive platforms, and artificial intelligence-assisted design for personalized exosome therapeutics. This review provides a design-oriented framework to accelerate the bench-to-bedside development of biomaterial-enabled precision exosome therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.