ArticleToxics2026
Plasma Concentrations of Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide and High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Are Consistent Sex-Specific Biomarkers of Alcohol Abstinence Associated with Alcohol Use Disorder.
Article in Toxics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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13 authors.
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Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with gut dysbiosis through interactions with the immune system. The present study aimed to investigate whether endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a key inflammatory mediator, as well as the metabolic fat mass hormone leptin, are reliable biomarkers for the estimation of alcohol dependence and abstinence. AUD outpatients (N = 122) and healthy volunteers (N = 63) were recruited and assessed by using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders according to DSM-IV-TR after blood extraction. The results indicated that AUD patients had higher plasma concentrations of LPS and HMGB1, and lower plasma concentrations of leptin and SDF-1α compared to healthy subjects. Two logistic models, including HMGB1, leptin and SDF-1α (model 1) or LPS (model 2), provided high discriminatory powers to identify AUD patients [prognostic probability: model 1 = 0.90 (0.78); model 2 = 0.86 (0.79);
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