Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42198749›Full record

ReviewViruses2026

NLR Inflammasomes in Viral Infections: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions.

Shiyuan Hou, Xing Shen, Danni Sun, Yulin An, Yuxuan Zhou, Xing Sun, Shuhan Wang, Xinyue Liu, Mengting Zhu, Shuai Zhao and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Shiyuan HouDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xing ShenDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Danni SunDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Yulin AnSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Yuxuan ZhouSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xing SunSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Shuhan WangSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xinyue LiuSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Mengting ZhuDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Shuai ZhaoDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Ziyu LiuDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Xingan WuDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Rongrong LiuDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9725-3463

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China No.82272330Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program Key Project 2024JC-ZDXM-42
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The innate immune system serves as the primary barrier against viral invasion, utilizing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to orchestrate a rapid defense. Among these, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) containing proteins function as central signaling scaffolds, assembling into multiprotein complexes known as inflammasomes. These complexes drive the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and initiate gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis, a lytic cell death pathway that eliminates intracellular replication niches. This comprehensive review synthesizes the diversified landscape of inflammasome activation during viral infections, extending beyond the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome to include specialized sensors such as NLRP6, NLRP9, NLRP1, NLRP12, and NLRC4. We critically evaluate the evolutionary "arms race" between host defenses and viral pathogens, detailing the sophisticated immune evasion strategies employed by viruses-ranging from the expression of decoy proteins and direct proteolytic cleavage of immune sensors to the manipulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Furthermore, we discuss the dual nature of inflammasome activation, which balances protective viral clearance against pathological hyperinflammation, and provide an exhaustive analysis of novel therapeutic strategies, including direct NLR inhibitors and downstream cytokine blockers, currently navigating clinical transition.

Indexed as

InflammasomesNLR ProteinsVirus DiseasesAnimalsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansImmune EvasionImmunity, InnateInnate Immunity RecognitionPyroptosisInflammasomesNLR ProteinsGSDMDimmune evasioninflammasomeNLRP3NLRspyroptosisSARS-CoV-2therapeutic inhibitorsviral pathogenesis

Identifiers

PMID42198749
PMCPMC13211451

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.