Evidence mapPaperPMID 42199372Full record

ReviewMolecular and clinical oncology2026

Virulence factors of the microbiome: A functional toolkit for cancer progression (Review).

Kiruthika Vijayakumar, Benedict Christopher Paul

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular and clinical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kiruthika VijayakumarDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.
Benedict Christopher PaulDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The paradigm of cancer biology has shifted to recognize tumor as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse microbiome. Beyond mere association, the molecular mechanisms driven by microbial virulence factors are critical for understanding how these microorganisms contribute to malignancy. The present review describes a virulence factor-centric framework to deconstruct the microbial 'toolkit' and illustrate its role in enabling the Hallmarks of Cancer. The major classes of virulence factors were systematically analyzed, detailing how each contributes to tumor progression. It was described how bacterial adhesins (for example, Fusobacterium adhesin A and Fap2) initiate oncogenic signaling and mediate immune evasion; how secreted toxins drive genomic instability (Colibactin and CDT) and corrupt cellular signaling pathways (CagA and

Indexed as

bacterial toxinshallmarks of cancermetastasismicrobiomeoncomicrobesvirulence factors

Identifiers

PMID42199372
PMCPMC13199945

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.