ArticleMolecular biology reports2026
Modulation of brain antioxidant defense, inflammation, and SIRT1 activity by a sunflower oil-based high-fat diet: protective role of L-arginine in rats.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic consumption of omega-6-enriched dietary fat may disturb brain redox balance and neuroinflammatory homeostasis. Among the sirtuins, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) exerts critical neuroprotective functions by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling; however, the impact of sunflower oil-based high-fat diets (SO-HFD) on brain SIRT1 activity has not been investigated.
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of SO-HFD on oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers, and SIRT1 activity in rat brain tissue, and to evaluate the potential modulatory role of L-arginine supplementation.
methodsFour-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: control, SO-HFD, and SO-HFD + L-arginine. Both SO-HFD groups were fed a diet containing sunflower oil for 16 weeks; from week 10 onward, 1.5% L-arginine was supplemented in the drinking water of the SO-HFD + L-arginine group. Following the 16-week protocol, serum and brain specimens were collected. Serum biochemical parameters and adiponectin were quantified; brain homogenates were assayed for lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein thiols (protein-SH), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and SIRT1 activity.
resultsAlthough brain MDA levels were not significantly elevated, SO-HFD animals exhibited reduced GSH and protein-SH content together with diminished SIRT1 activity. The SO-HFD increased TNF-α and NO levels. L-arginine supplementation decreased MDA and increased GSH, protein-SH, and SIRT1 activity. L-arginine also suppressed TNF-α levels in brain tissue compared to the SO-HFD group. NO levels in the SO-HFD + L-arginine group were lower than in the SO-HFD group, though not significantly.
conclusionThese findings suggest that chronic exposure to an omega-6-dominant dietary environment disturbs redox regulation and inflammatory balance in brain tissue, accompanied by reduced SIRT1 activity. L-arginine may attenuate cerebral oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by reinforcing endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a nutritional strategy against SO-HFD-induced brain oxidative stress.
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