Evidence mapPaperPMID 42205257Full record

Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Gestational diabetes mellitus-induced adipokine dysregulation and links to metabolic programming risks.

Jolanta Lis-Kuberka, Marta Berghausen-Mazur

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jolanta Lis-KuberkaDepartment of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Marta Berghausen-MazurDepartment of Neonatology, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related hyperglycemic disorder with highly variable global prevalence, largely driven by differences in diagnostic criteria, maternal characteristics, and lifestyle factors, which complicates efforts to standardize screening and prevention. GDM disrupts maternal-fetal glucose homeostasis, leading to fetal exposure to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, and is associated not only with immediate obstetric complications but also with long-term metabolic risk in both mothers and offspring. Objective: This study evaluated the impact of maternal hyperglycemia, classified as diet-controlled (GDM-diet) or insulin-treated (GDM-insulin), on leptin, adiponectin, soluble leptin receptor (sLeptinR), and the derived indices leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR) and free leptin index (FLI) across the maternal-fetal axis. Design: This study was a retrospective observational cohort study targeting patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Maternal and cord blood plasma from 30 hyperglycemic and 23 normoglycemic mothers were analyzed for leptin, adiponectin, and soluble leptin receptor concentrations using immunoenzymatic assays. Results: Maternal plasma leptin concentrations were significantly higher in the GDM-insulin group (10.05 ng/mL) than in non-GDM pregnancies (4.44 ng/mL; Conclusion: These findings point to leptin, adiponectin, FLI, and LAR as possible metabolic indicators of GDM-linked insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation. Higher maternal leptin, LAR, and FLI, alongside stable sLeptinR, signal leptin resistance, which disrupts placental nutrient transport and links maternal metabolic stress to fetal anthropometric measures. Tracking these markers could guide postnatal steps to cut long-term metabolic risks across the next generations.

Indexed as

AdipokinesDiabetes, GestationalAdiponectinAdultBiomarkersBlood GlucoseDevelopmental Origins of Health and DiseaseFemaleHumansLeptinPregnancyReceptors, LeptinRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAdipokinesAdiponectinBiomarkersBlood GlucoseLeptinReceptors, Leptinadiponectinbirth weightfree leptin indexgestational diabetes mellitusleptinleptin-to-adiponectin ratiomaternal and cord plasmamaternal–fetal axis

Identifiers

PMID42205257
PMCPMC13201178

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.