ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Microbial community structure and functional potential of tropical lithic habitats in northern Thailand.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Rock (lithic) habitats are macroscopically inhospitable, characterized by oligotrophic conditions and exposure to environmental extremes across diverse climate regions. However, at the microscale, lithic substrates provide sheltered niches, such as pores, cracks, and fissures, that buffer external stressors and enable microbial persistence. While lithic microbial communities have been extensively studied in extreme climates, those in tropical regions remain underexplored. This study investigated epilithic communities on sandstone, as well as both epilithic and endolithic communities associated with limestone in northern Thailand. Bulk soil samples in the immediate vicinity of the lithic substrates were examined to compare microbial community differences between lithic and soil environments. Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria dominated in bacterial communities across lithic habitats and substrates, while Acidobacteria were more prevalent in soil communities. Lithic fungal communities were predominantly composed of lichen-forming fungi, including Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Lecanoromycetes. Differential abundance analysis revealed that photosynthetic bacteria, radio-resistant bacteria, and rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF) were predominant in the lithic communities. Metabolic functions related to oxygenic photoautotrophy were significantly enriched, corresponding with the high abundance of photosynthetic cyanobacteria. These cyanobacteria contribute to carbon fixation through photosynthesis and to nitrogen fixation, thereby enhancing nutrient availability for microbes that depend on organic carbon. Furthermore, functional predictions suggest that MND1, IS-44, mle1-7, Ellin6067, and SC-I-84 potentially contribute to ammonia oxidation and nitrate generation, while
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