Evidence mapPaperPMID 42205833Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026

Integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy drives gut microbiota remodeling and immune recovery in HIV infection.

Banu Karaca, Alper Şener, Figen Kaptan, Deniz Ece, Bahar Örmen, Ayse Caner

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Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Banu KaracaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Alper ŞenerDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Figen KaptanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Deniz EceDepartment of Basic Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Bahar ÖrmenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Türkiye.
Ayse CanerDepartment of Basic Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The gastrointestinal tract serves as a major viral reservoir in HIV infection, and persistent gut dysbiosis contributes to systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens are now preferred for their efficacy and tolerability; however, their impact on gut microbial restoration remains underexplored. Methods: This study analyzed fecal microbiota composition in 30 HIV-positive adults-10 ART-naïve, 7 receiving INSTI-based ART for <2 years, and 13 receiving INSTI-based ART for 2-5 years. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples (V3-V4 regions) was performed to evaluate bacterial diversity and taxonomic shifts. Microbial composition was compared across groups and correlated with CD4 Results: Alpha diversity showed a non-significant yet progressive increase from ART-naïve to long-term INSTI-treated patients, suggesting partial restoration of microbial diversity. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased and Bacteroidetes decreased in treated groups, indicating a shift toward eubiosis. Long-term INSTI therapy enriched beneficial taxa such as Conclusion: Integrase inhibitor-based ART promotes partial normalization of gut microbiota composition in HIV-infected patients, enhancing beneficial taxa linked to immune recovery. These findings underscore the potential of microbiota-targeted adjunctive interventions-such as probiotics or dietary modulation-to support mucosal immunity and long-term health in people living with HIV.

Indexed as

16S rRNA sequencingartCD4+ T cellsgut microbiotaHIV infectionintegrase inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID42205833
PMCPMC13202784

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.