ArticleNephron2026
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Macrophages Modify Development of Human Kidney Organoids: A Preliminary Study.
Article in Nephron, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Impaired fatty acid metabolism in AKI: experimental evidence - a narrative review.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHuman foetal kidneys contain macrophages, innate immune cells postulated to enhance their development. Macrophages have also been implicated in the pathobiology of human kidney malformations and Wilms tumour. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids contain nephrons but lack macrophages.
methodsWe hypothesised that combining hPSC-derived macrophages with hPSC-derived kidney precursors would modify nephrogenesis. Macrophages were added in numbers of 1%, 5%, or 20% relative to a constant number of nephrogenic cells.
resultsAs assessed by CD68 immunostaining, no macrophages were detected in organoids derived from MAN13 hPSCs without added hPSC-derived macrophages. Composite organoids contained macrophages between tubules, mimicking native human foetal kidneys. Quantification of macrophages in histology sections positively correlated with numbers of macrophages added. Assessed by CD31/PECAM-1 and CD68 co-immunostaining, macrophages were scattered through organoids, with some near endothelia. Added macrophages, however, did not alter the extent of CD31/PECAM-1 immunostaining. Macrophages added at 5% were associated with increases in the percentage cross-sectional areas occupied by immunostaining for the glomerular markers synaptopodin and nephrin. Higher numbers (20%) of macrophages disrupted organoid growth.
conclusionThis preliminary study demonstrates that it is technically feasible to populate hPSC-derived nephron organoids with hPSC-derived maturing macrophages. The study also suggests that, depending on their quantity, added macrophages may have beneficial or harmful effects on nephron organoids. These insights support the proposition that macrophages play roles in normal and abnormal development of human kidneys. Further studies are needed to discover the molecular mechanisms of these effects and to replicate findings using other hPSC lines.
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