ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Chemical modulation of chloroplast de- and redifferentiation reveals a role for the SAL1-PAP retrograde pathway in facilitating plastid transitions.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-throughput screening and structure-guided design of small molecules enable modulation of SAL-PAP stress signaling.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Metabolic cues are the main drivers for the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts and other plastid types.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Plastids are dynamic organelles that remodel their composition, ultrastructure, and function according to developmental and environmental demands. The synthetic molecule X57 induces the conversion of leaf chloroplasts into tocopherol-rich plastids lacking thylakoids and containing proliferating plastoglobules. Removal of X57 triggers chloroplast redifferentiation, enabling precise spatial-temporal dissection of these transitions. X57 directly binds and inhibits the phosphatase SAL1, causing accumulation of its substrate 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP), a retrograde signal that modulates nuclear gene expression. SAL1 inhibition activates a cascade that depletes cytokinins and down-regulates GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (GLK1) and other transcription factors involved in chloroplast biogenesis. SAL1-defective mutants fail to undergo this signaling pathway. The SAL1-PAP-mediated weakening of chloroplast identity preconditions plastids for their eventual conversion into storage-type organelles upon X57-promoted SAL1-independent accumulation of tocopherols. After X57 withdrawal, photosynthetic gene expression and chloroplast functions are restored. This framework identifies key molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast plasticity, a central process in biology.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.