ArticleScientific reports2026
Associations of body mass index and metabolic health with stroke risk in a large prospective cohort with time updated covariates.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising, and recent studies have established an independent contribution of adiposity to stroke risk. How the increased risk associated with adiposity relates to other factors including metabolic health is not fully understood. We analyzed 132,045 participants from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study with repeated health examinations (1985-2022). Stroke events were identified via national registers. Body mass index (BMI) was modeled as continuous (splines) and categorical (WHO definitions). Cox models with time-updated covariates estimated hazard ratios (HRs), and machine learning (XGBoost-AFT) assessed complex relationships. Over a median 20.2-year follow-up (2.67 million person-years), 7,493 strokes occurred. In fully adjusted models, overweight (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20) and obesity (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.27-1.45) independently increased stroke risk versus normal weight. Poor metabolic health was also strongly associated (HR: 1.41 ; 95% CI: 1.34-1.49) with increased stroke risk. Combined obesity and poor metabolic health conferred the highest risk (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.67-1.93). Age modified the association between higher BMI and stroke risk (p-interaction = 0.007), with stronger associations at younger ages. Machine learning confirmed the BMI-stroke risk pattern. In conclusion, overweight and obesity are associated with an independent stroke risk, even among younger and metabolically healthy individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.