Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42210193›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

Assessing the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of Sudanese citizens regarding dengue fever prevention and control during the 2025 outbreak in Sudan: a multi-center cross-sectional study.

Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed Baraka, Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim Ali, Mohammed Almurtada Hassan Ali Ahmed, Muotaman Mohammed Abdalla Adam, Rayan Mohammed Abdalla Ahmed, Tho Alyazan Khalil Taher Al-Jabali, Shahd Elzibaer Mohamed Khalil, Mohamed Abdelkarim, Fatima Omer Ibrahim Ahmed and 7 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan. khabab9722@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-5321
Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed BarakaFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, 11111, Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0610-1579
Mustafa Mohamed Ibrahim AliFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3870-2791
Mohammed Almurtada Hassan Ali AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-4239-7417
Muotaman Mohammed Abdalla AdamFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, 11111, Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9110-9603
Rayan Mohammed Abdalla AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Tho Alyazan Khalil Taher Al-JabaliFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6686-2424
Shahd Elzibaer Mohamed KhalilUniversity of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan.
Mohamed AbdelkarimNational Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Fatima Omer Ibrahim AhmedFaculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3007-2211
Wadah Ibrahim Rajab EltoomFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.
Esraa Abdullah Mohamed BarakaFaculty of Medicine, ALbyan University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mustafa Omer Mohammed MohammedFaculty of Medicine, University of Al Fashir, Al Fashir, North Darfur, Sudan.
Elhindy Jalis Younis MakeyFaculty of Medicine, Alfajr College for Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Mohammed Izzuldeen Othman AliFaculty of Medicine, University of Albutana, RUFA'A, Sudan.
Nazik Elmalaika Obaid Seid Ahmed HusainDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8333-5735
Mohamed ElsheikhDepartment of Physiology, Neuroscience & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, St Georges University, St Georges, Grenada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-4219

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDengue fever remains a major and expanding public health threat in tropical regions, with outbreaks increasingly affecting fragile and conflict-affected settings. In Sudan, the ongoing armed conflict has compounded vulnerabilities, limited healthcare access, and amplified the importance of community-level prevention and awareness.

methodsWe conducted a community-based, multi-center cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to dengue fever prevention and control during the 2025 outbreak in Sudan. A total of 459 adult participants from seven outbreak-affected states were recruited using an online, convenience-based sampling approach. Due to reliance on online platforms, the sample is predominantly composed of young, educated individuals; this limitation is acknowledged explicitly. Data were collected using a validated KAP questionnaire. Participants were classified as having 'Good Knowledge' if they scored ≥ 60% (12/20) on the knowledge section, and 'Positive Attitude' if they scored ≥ 60% on the attitude section. Good Practice was defined as a score ≥ 5 out of 9. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

resultsOverall awareness of the dengue outbreak was high (96.5%). The majority of participants demonstrated good knowledge (96.5%), positive attitudes (99.8%), and good preventive practices (91.3%). However, substantial misconceptions persisted, particularly regarding transmission: 77.3% of respondents incorrectly believed dengue could be spread through contaminated food or water. Knowledge and practice scores were significantly associated with age, gender, and educational level, with older adults, males, and individuals with lower formal education exhibiting poorer outcomes. Attitudes toward dengue prevention were uniformly positive across all demographic groups (p > 0.05).

conclusionDespite high overall KAP levels, critical knowledge gaps and demographic disparities threaten effective dengue prevention during outbreaks. Targeted, demographic-specific educational interventions addressing misconceptions about transmission and vector behavior are urgently needed to strengthen community-based control efforts, particularly in conflict-affected settings such as Sudan. Future research should prioritize in-person sampling strategies to ensure adequate representation of older adults and individuals with lower levels of formal education.

Indexed as

DengueDisease OutbreaksHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSudanSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultCommunity awarenessDengue feverKnowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP)SudanVector-borne diseases

Identifiers

PMID42210193
PMCPMC13403813

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.