ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2026
Beyond the Bud: new cannabis products and modes of consumption in Ontario, Canada's legal hybrid market.
Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCanada is home to a very active commercial legal cannabis market, offering insight into the opportunities and challenges posed by rapid cannabis commercialization under a hybrid regulatory model. This environmental scan provides a descriptive snapshot of available cannabis products, modes of consumption, and their advertised product potencies.
methodsResearchers extracted cannabis product type, mode(s) of consumption, and drug (THC, CBD) potency information from the online inventories of ten large Ontario, Canada cannabis retailers. Products and modes were categorized according to Canadian Cannabis Survey (CCS) categories where applicable.
resultsOntario retailers sell cannabis products including dried flower, hash/hashish, oils, vape pens, concentrates, edibles, beverages and topicals. Drug potencies varied within and across product types and were reported in non-standardized units. Modes of consumption included inhalation (smoking/vaping/dabbing of a range of flower and concentrate products), oral ingestion (eating, drinking), mucosal absorption (sublingual, vaginal) and topical, transdermal applications. We identified new products, terms, and features (e.g. multimodal products), not described in resources informed by the CCS.
conclusionsOntario's hybrid cannabis retail environment demonstrates substantial product and labeling diversity. These findings underscore the importance of adaptable surveillance frameworks capable of capturing evolving products, modes, and potency reporting practices. This scan offers a structured, replicable approach to monitoring cannabis product and mode trends in a rapidly evolving legal market context and may inform regulatory and public health discussions internationally. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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