ArticleLaboratory animal research2026
Optimization of a fresh fecal intraperitoneal injection sepsis model and its divergent dynamics from cecal ligation and puncture in mice.
Article in Laboratory animal research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSepsis remains a critical challenge in intensive care, necessitating reliable animal models that accurately mimic human pathophysiological responses. While cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is widely considered the gold standard, its inherent variability often limits reproducibility. This study aimed to optimize a fecal intraperitoneal injection (FIP) murine model by evaluating the impact of fecal preparation (fresh vs. lyophilized) and dosage (0.5-1.0 g/kg) on model stability. We systematically compared the optimized FIP model with the conventional CLP method in male BALB/c mice to define their respective pathophysiological characteristics and suitability for therapeutic screening.
resultsFresh fecal suspensions significantly enhanced model reproducibility compared to dried preparations, which exhibited inconsistent virulence. An optimized FIP dose of 0.7 g/kg induced a hyperacute sepsis phenotype, characterized by rapid systemic bacterial dissemination and severe acute organ damage within 24 h. Crucially, semi-quantitative histological scoring confirmed that FIP triggered a synchronized, hyperacute injury spike across the lung, kidney, liver, and heart, whereas the CLP model exhibited a more protracted, progressive exacerbation of organ dysfunction through 48 h. Hematological analysis further revealed that while both models induced systemic inflammation, the FIP model provided a much sharper and predictable onset of severe leukopenia and multi-organ failure.
conclusionsThe optimized FIP model, characterized by its procedural simplicity, high controllability, and superior reproducibility, serves as a robust platform for investigating the early, fulminant pathophysiological mechanisms of unmitigated sepsis. Conversely, the CLP model remains the preferred choice for studies focusing on protracted infection and chronic organ dysfunction. These findings provide a methodological framework for selecting appropriate sepsis models based on specific research objectives in experimental medicine. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.