ArticleCardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports2026
Sex-specific roles of insulin-like growth factor-1, lean mass and fat mass in type 2 diabetes prevention: Mendelian randomization studies in Western and East Asian populations.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSex-specific effects of body composition and its drivers, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are understudied across ethnicity. We assessed the role of IGF-1 in T2DM and mediation by lean or fat mass, by sex in Western and East Asian populations, using Mendelian randomization (MR).
methodsGenetic predictors of exposure (IGF-1) and mediators (fat or lean mass) were applied to genetic associations with T2DM in Europeans (n = 898,130) and East Asians (n = 433,540). Univariable and multivariable MR (MVMR) were used to obtain total and direct effects of IGF-1 and fat or lean mass on T2DM. Mediation analyses were conducted to obtain indirect effects.
resultsIn the Western population, genetically predicted higher IGF-1 was positively associated with T2DM in women [odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 1.32] but not men, and in both sexes with lean mass but not fat mass. Lean mass in both sexes decreased and fat mass in women increased T2DM risk. In the East Asian population, genetically predicted higher IGF-1 was positively associated with T2DM in both sexes (1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12), and with lean mass and fat mass in men. Lean and fat mass were unrelated to T2DM. The association of IGF-1 with T2DM was not mediated by lean or fat mass.
conclusionsIGF-1 may directly increase T2DM risk, independent of body composition, in Western women and East Asians. Fat mass in women and less lean mass in both sexes may also increase T2DM risk in Western populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.