Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42211094›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026

The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index as a metabolic-nutritional biomarker for risk stratification in hospitalized heart failure patients.

Zefan Huang, Liusheng Xu, Jinhui Zhang, Kefeng Lu, Jun Xu, Yichen Fang, Wei Ni, Ping Zhang, Tongbao Feng

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zefan Huang *Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
Liusheng Xu *Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Jinhui Zhang *Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Kefeng LuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Jun XuInstitute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
Yichen FangThe First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Wei NiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Ping ZhangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Tongbao FengDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance and dysregulated glucose-lipid metabolism contribute to adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF), yet existing metabolic indicators have limited utility for rapid risk stratification in critically ill patients. The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose (CHG) index may provide a convenient metabolic risk marker in hospitalized HF patients. Methods: This study adopted a dual-cohort retrospective design. The training cohort included 1,391 patients from the MIMIC-IV database (2008-2019), and the external validation cohort included 296 patients from an independent hospital-based cohort (July 2023 to December 2025). Patients were stratified into quartiles by CHG index. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were performed to assess the relationship between CHG index and in-hospital mortality. Results: In the training cohort, in-hospital mortality increased from 8.91% in Q1 to 17.87% in Q4 (log-rank test Conclusion: The CHG index was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with HF, with consistent findings in an external cohort. As an integrative biomarker derived from routine laboratory tests, the CHG index may reflect the interplay between metabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular vulnerability, thereby assisting early risk stratification in hospitalized patients with heart failure.

Indexed as

CHG indexheart failurehospital-based cohortin-hospital mortalitymetabolic-nutritional biomarker

Identifiers

PMID42211094
PMCPMC13213170

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.