Evidence mapPaperPMID 42211102Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026

Diabetes-specific formula as meal replacement for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity: a Singapore expert consensus.

Chin Meng Khoo, Matthew Tan, Soo Kiang Eng, Choon Kit Leong, Yong Mong Bee, Kwang Wei Tham, Kalpana Bhaskaran, Yik Voon Lee, Gladys Hooi Chuan Wong, Soo Ling Chan and 1 more

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Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Chin Meng KhooDivision of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Matthew TanDiabetes and Endocrine Care, Farrer Park Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Soo Kiang EngCentral-North Primary Care Network, Singapore, Singapore.
Choon Kit LeongMission (Hougang) Medical Clinic, Singapore, Singapore.
Yong Mong BeeDepartment of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Kwang Wei ThamDepartment of Endocrinology, Woodlands Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Kalpana BhaskaranGlycemic Index Research Unit, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore.
Yik Voon LeeLee & Tan Family Clinic and Surgery, Singapore, Singapore.
Gladys Hooi Chuan WongNutrition & Dietetics, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Soo Ling ChanDivision of Endocrinology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Phong Ching LeeDepartment of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: In Singapore, only one-quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity in the primary care setting are achieving clinical targets with a food-first approach to medical nutrition therapy. Diabetes-specific formula as meal replacement (DSF-MR) provides an evidence-based escalation of care but remains underutilised in practice. We developed expert consensus recommendations to support the use of DSF-MR in Singapore and across Asia. Methods: A multidisciplinary 11-member advisory board guided a multicomponent study that included an online healthcare professional survey, a narrative literature review, and structured consensus development. Survey insights shaped research questions and the narrative review, and collated findings were subsequently discussed at an advisory board meeting. Practical recommendations emerging from the meeting were finalised through two rounds of blinded online voting (>70% agreement) and then consolidated into a clinical algorithm for practice. Results: Eighteen practical, evidence-based recommendations achieved consensus. Collectively, they outline the clinical role of DSF-MR across three key applications: improving glycaemic control, supporting diabetes remission, and preserving muscle mass. Recommendations also address patient selection, integration within holistic care approaches, monitoring, and improving adherence, with the aim of optimising outcomes with DSF-MR. Conclusion: DSF-MR is supported by evidence as a versatile dietary intervention that can be integrated across the diabetes care continuum. These expert consensus recommendations address critical gaps in current practice and provide clear and actionable guidance for the use of DSF-MR in routine diabetes care across primary care and specialist settings in Singapore.

Indexed as

blood glucoseconsensusdiabetes mellitusdiabetes-specific formulameal replacementnutrition therapyobesity/diet therapytype 2/diet therapy

Identifiers

PMID42211102
PMCPMC13214565

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.