Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42211636›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

Thyroid Eye Disease, Glycemic Control, and the Role of a One-Stop Clinic Approach: A Retrospective Audit Study.

Keiko Carter, Zahid Khan, Bashir Mahamud, Furhana Hussein, Adnan Abdullah, Godwin Simon, Gideon Mlawa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Keiko CarterInternal Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, GBR.
Zahid KhanWilliam Harvey Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, GBR.
Bashir MahamudInternal Medicine and Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.
Furhana HusseinInternal Medicine and Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.
Adnan AbdullahInternal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.
Godwin SimonInternal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.
Gideon MlawaInternal Medicine and Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThyroid eye disease (TED) is a serious medical condition observed in patients with thyroid disorders, and patients often present in emergencies, threatening their vision. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective audit was conducted at Queens Hospital, Romford, and included patients with TED who attended a dedicated ophthalmology-led TED clinic between January 2018 and June 2024. A total of 221 patients were included in this study, and their data were extracted from electronic and paper medical records, including clinic letters. Baseline and post-treatment glycemic monitoring was incompletely documented among steroid-treated patients (n=29). Baseline fasting glucose levels prior to steroid initiation were documented in 12 of 29 (41.4%) patients, and follow-up fasting glucose levels after steroid completion were documented in five of 29 (17.2%) patients.

resultsThis study included 221 patients who visited the ophthalmology-led TED clinic between January 2018 and June 2024. The study cohort comprised 69% female and 31% male patients, with a mean age of 56.52 years (range, 22-92 years). Of the overall cohort, 29 patients (13.1%), aged 29-85 years, who received oral or intravenous systemic glucocorticoids for TED, were included in the main analysis group. Within this subgroup, four of 29 patients (13.8%) had pre-existing diabetes.

conclusionGlucose and HbA1c monitoring during systemic glucocorticoid therapy in patients with TED at this center was incomplete and fell below evidence-based recommendations, despite the recognised risk of steroid-induced hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes with high-dose steroid exposure. There is a need for more standardised and improved care for patients with TED presenting to outpatient clinics. We recommend setting up a "one-stop" TED clinic to provide standardised care.

Indexed as

british oculoplastic surgery societydysthyroid optic neuropathyelectronic patient-reported outcomeeuropean group on graves’ orbitopathy (eugogo)graves´diseasehyperthyroidismretrospective observational studysteroid-induced hyperglycaemiathyroid eye disease amsterdam declaration implementation group ukthyroid eye disease (ted)

Identifiers

PMID42211636
PMCPMC13215681

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.