Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42211666›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Pretreatment drug resistance profiles and transmission dynamics of HIV-1 among adults aged ≥50 in Hebei Province, China.

Xinyue Fan, Meng Liu, Ning An, Guangyi Bai, Xueang Xu, Meiqi Meng, Lihua Cui, Qi Li, Xinli Lu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinyue FanSchool of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
Meng LiuDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Ning AnDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Guangyi BaiDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Xueang XuDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Meiqi MengDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Lihua CuiSchool of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
Qi LiDepartment of AIDS Research, Hebei Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Xinli LuSchool of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: In China, the proportion of HIV-infected individuals aged ≥50 is rapidly increasing, yet limited research has focused on HIV transmission dynamics in this population. We investigated pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and molecular transmission networks among older adults with HIV-1 in Hebei Province. Methods: From 2022 to 2025, 334 newly confirmed, ART-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals aged ≥50 with successful Results: The participants were predominantly male (80.2%), with contact between men who have sex with men (MSM) as the main transmission route (65.3%). CRF07_BC (42.5%) and CRF01_AE (38.0%) were dominant. The overall PDR prevalence was 12.3%, with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance being the most common (6.6%). The clustering rate was 35.0%. Multivariate analysis identified divorced/widowed status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.040), residence in Eastern Hebei (aOR = 2.401), and CRF07_BC infection as independent risk factors for cluster inclusion. Notably, 77.8% of the participants were married, indicating potential spousal transmission through bisexual behavior. Conclusion: MSM is the predominant transmission route among older adults in Hebei. Marital dissolution drives active transmission cluster involvement, while the high proportion of married individuals underscores spousal transmission risk. Given the high PDR prevalence and specific vulnerabilities of older adults, transitioning to integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens and targeted spousal interventions are urgent priorities.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralHIV-1HIV InfectionsAgedChinaFemaleGenotypeHomosexuality, MaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMolecular EpidemiologyMutationPhylogenypol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusAnti-HIV Agentspol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusHIV-1marital statusmolecular epidemiologymolecular transmission networkolder adultsphylogenetic analysispretreatment drug resistanceviral subtype

Identifiers

PMID42211666
PMCPMC13212289

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.