ReviewJournal of orthopaedic translation2026
Targeting the glial-fibrotic scar microenvironment after spinal cord injury: From integrated protection to systematic regulation of regenerative balance.
Review in Journal of orthopaedic translation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From local tissue repair to systemic precision orthopaedics: recent advances in musculoskeletal regeneration and translational medicine.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a severe neurological disorder characterized by complex pathophysiological cascades, frequently resulting in irreversible sensorimotor deficits. A hallmark of this condition is the dual-phase response of glial and fibrotic scars: initially, reactive astrocytes and fibroblast-like cells form protective barriers that limit inflammatory spread and stabilize tissue integrity, yet chronically, these scars transition into inhibitory structures through excessive deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), obstructing axonal regeneration. Critically, these scars operate within an integrated SCI scar microenvironment, where multiple cellular, molecular, and matrix components dynamically and coordinately modulate their reparative-to-pathological shift. This review systematically examines the spatiotemporal organization, cellular heterogeneity, and molecular drivers underlying scar duality. We evaluate bidirectional interactions between glial and fibrotic components and non-scar elements. Notably, the scar microenvironment serves as a pivotal regulatory hub that dictates the switch between the protective and inhibitory phenotypes of scars post-SCI. This work underscores the scar microenvironment's centrality in SCI pathology and advances the conceptual framework for developing precision therapies to overcome neuroregenerative failure. The Translational Potential of this Article: This review's spinal cord injury scar microenvironment theory delivers a transformative translational framework. It captures spatiotemporal crosstalk of cellular, molecular, and matrix components across injury phases, replacing fragmented single-target interventions. Representative translational strategies include artificial spinal cord ECM hydrogels, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) derived spinal cord organoid transplantation, exosome-mediated epigenetic regulation, among others, which are all aligned with pathological progression. Supported by international Phase I/II clinical trials targeting scar microenvironment components, this theory integrates basic research with clinical needs. It enables precision SCI therapy through coordinated intervention logic, accelerating the translation from symptomatic management to curative neural repair.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.