ArticleFrontiers in physiology2026
Systematic evaluation of cerebral injury stimulating by underwater infrasound.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Infrasound (<20 Hz) was an inaudible mechanical vibration that threatened public health, especially the central nervous system (CNS) in air environments. In fact, infrasound was also produced by large ships or underwater apparatus, which had potential hazard to underwater operators or divers. However, the propagation characteristics of sound waves in air differed from that in water, and there was no experimental evidence on the potential bioeffects of underwater infrasound. In the present study, we systematically evaluated cerebral injury in Bama mini pigs induced by underwater infrasound. Methods: Forty-two Bama mini pigs (weighing 10-15 kg) were randomly divided into seven groups. After wearing a respiratory mask, the animals were submerged to a depth of 10 meters and exposed to infrasound at frequencies of 8 Hz (145.4 ± 0.2 dB re 1 μPa, 156.2 ± 1.0 dB re 1 μPa), 12 Hz (145.3 ± 0.2 dB re 1 μPa, 161.9 ± 2.4 dB re 1 μPa), and 20 Hz (145.5 ± 0.3 dB re 1 μPa, 165.9 ± 0.3 dB re 1 μPa). Then cerebral function was assessed using electroencephalography (EEG); morphological injuries were evaluated by HE staining, Nissl staining, and immunostaining; oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were detected via ELISA assays; and the underlying molecular mechanisms were explored through RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis. Results and discussion: Compared with the control group, underwater infrasound at 8 Hz led to alterations in EEG in partial brain regions, but with no significant changes in the 12 Hz and 20 Hz groups. In contrast, underwater infrasound at 20 Hz and 12 Hz directly induced histological injury, decreased neuron density, and increased cell apoptosis immediately, but had no impact on histological and neuronal injury induced by 8 Hz exposure. Additionally, there was no significant influence on oxidative stress among all groups. Finally, transcriptome analysis revealed activation of immune and cell apoptosis pathways and key genes. These results provided direct evidence for the adverse effects of underwater infrasound on brains.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.