ReviewInternational journal of biological sciences2026
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Vicious Cycle in the Tumor Microenvironment and Targeted Interventions.
Review in International journal of biological sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures released by activated neutrophils and initially identified for their role in antimicrobial defense. In recent years, growing evidence has demonstrated that NETs contribute to the development and progression of various malignancies. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive digestive-system cancer characterized by strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. Notably, substantial infiltration of NETs is frequently observed within the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME). Clinical evidence indicates that this phenomenon is closely associated with metastatic progression and reduced patient survival. This review systematically elaborates how the PDAC TME recruits and activates neutrophils and induces NET formation through multiple pathways, including extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling, cell-cell interactions, cytokine secretion, and epigenetic dysregulation. In addition, it examines the mechanisms through which NETs, functioning as a regulatory hub, facilitate PDAC progression by inducing angiogenesis, altering the stromal structure, driving tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and creating an immunosuppressive environment. Finally, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies targeting NETs in PDAC and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.