Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42213205›Full record

ArticlePlant cell reports2026

Functional divergence of cshalcone synthase genes RcCHS in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and stress responses in Rosa chinensis.

Xinyu Yuan, Ruwen Zheng, Dandan Zou, Yuxia Lou, Feng Ming, Guoren He

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Plant cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xinyu Yuan *Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
Ruwen Zheng *Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
Dandan ZouShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
Yuxia LouShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
Feng MingShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
Guoren HeShanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China. hgr0222@shnu.edu.cn.

Funding

Agriculture Research System of Shanghai, China 202208Shanghai Plant Germplasm Resources Engineering Research Center 17DZ2252700Shanghai Young Science and Technology Talent Sailing Program, China 23YF1431100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

key messageRcCHSa is the primary driver of anthocyanin accumulation in rose petals, while RcCHSb and RcCHSd are stress‑inducible paralogs expressed in vegetative tissues. RcCHSc contributes to both anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis, revealing functional divergence among the four rose CHS genes. Rose (Rosa spp.) flower color is primarily determined by anthocyanins, but the research on enzymes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in roses remains insufficient. The rose genome contains four chalcone synthase genes (RcCHSa, RcCHSb, RcCHSc, and RcCHSd). Expression analysis revealed that RcCHSa is significantly highly expressed in red petals, whereas RcCHSb and RcCHSd primarily function in vegetative organs. RcCHSa, RcCHSb, and RcCHSd are highly linked on the chromosome and share high amino acid sequence identity. RcCHSc shows sequence divergence but conserves the critical catalytic residues. Functional validation demonstrated that transient overexpression of any RcCHS gene promoted anthocyanin accumulation, with RcCHSa being the most effective. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) further confirmed that RcCHSa is the major contributor to petal anthocyanin accumulation. Metabolic analysis indicated that RcCHSa significantly enhances anthocyanin synthesis, while RcCHSc strongly promotes both anthocyanin and flavonol metabolism. Stress response studies showed that RcCHSa, RcCHSb, and RcCHSd are significantly induced by various stresses, with RcCHSd exhibiting the strongest response. In contrast, RcCHSc shows almost no response, potentially associated with the presence of numerous enhancer elements in the RcCHSd promoter and potential methylation regions in the RcCHSc promoter. In conclusion, this study reveals distinct functional divergence among the four RcCHS genes in rose, concerning anthocyanin biosynthesis and stress responses.

Indexed as

AcyltransferasesAnthocyaninsPlant ProteinsRosaStress, PhysiologicalFlavonolsFlowersGene Expression Regulation, PlantPhylogenyPlants, Genetically ModifiedAcyltransferasesAnthocyaninsflavanone synthetaseFlavonolsPlant ProteinsAbiotic stressAnthocyaninChalcone synthase (CHS)Functional divergenceRosa chinensis

Identifiers

PMID42213205

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.