Evidence mapPaperPMID 42215031Full record

Trial reportBMJ paediatrics open2026

Impact of flash glucose monitoring versus capillary blood glucose monitoring on glycaemia in Indian youth with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study.

Mahira Saiyed, Steven James, Cecile Eigenmann, Aveni Haynes, Julia Von Oettingen, Graham D Ogle, Banshi Saboo

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ paediatrics open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mahira SaiyedDiaCare, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Steven JamesUniversity of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia sjames1@usc.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-9206
Cecile EigenmannLife for a Child Program, Diabetes New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Aveni HaynesLife for a Child Program, Diabetes New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Julia Von OettingenResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Graham D OgleLife for a Child Program, Diabetes New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Banshi SabooDiaCare, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundData relating to flash glucose monitoring (FGM) use in low-resource settings are limited. Our study investigated the impact of FGM versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycaemia in Ahmedabad, India.

methodsA randomised crossover study of FGM versus SMBG was undertaken. Participants aged 10-25 years (type 1 diabetes (T1D)>1 year) were randomised 1:1 to either Freestyle Libre 1 FGM use (intervention) for 6 months, followed by SMBG≥4 times/day (local care standard) for 6 months; or SMBG≥4 times/day, followed by FGM. After 12 months, everyone entered a 6-month observation period using the monitoring method choice. Insulin and dietary adjustments were undertaken as per local care standards. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at 0, 3 and 6 months (period 1) and 9 and 12 months (period 2). Analyses included use of linear mixed-effects analysis of covariance, a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and cumulative link mixed tests and model.

resultsOf 106 participants, 91 (86%) completed 12 months follow-up (47.3% female). At baseline, mean±SD age was 17.8±3.8 years, diabetes duration 9.9±5.0 years and HbA1c 8.6±1.9% (70±21 mmol/mol).HbA1c decreased when using FGM versus SMBG (difference -0.44% (4.8 mmol/mol); p=0.006), with greater reduction in those with higher baseline HbA1c (p=0.003). In the FGM→SMBG group, HbA1c initially decreased from 8.6±2.2% (70±24 mmol/mol) to 7.9±1.1% (62±12 mmol/mol) at 3 and 6 months (both p<0.05). After SMBG crossover, HbA1c was unchanged (7.9±1.1% (63±12 mmol/mol) at 9 months and 8.1±1.3% (65±14 mmol/mol) at 12 months). In the SMBG→FGM group, HbA1c was initially stable (8.6±1.4% (70±15 mmol/mol) at baseline; 8.8±1.7% (73±19 mmol/mol) at 6 months), but decreased after crossover to FGM (8.4±1.4% (68±15 mmol/mol) at 9 months; 8.3±0.9% (67±10 mmol/mol) at 12 months; p=0.023).

conclusionThis study provides evidence of improvement in glycaemic outcomes while using FGM in youth living with T1D in India. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2022/02/020175).

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AdolescentAdultChildContinuous Glucose MonitoringCross-Over StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansIndiaMaleYoung AdultBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinAdolescent HealthChild HealthHealth PolicyTechnology

Identifiers

PMID42215031
PMCPMC13223674

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.