Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42215837›Full record

ReviewAAPS PharmSciTech2026

Carbohydrate-Functionalized Liposomal Nanocarriers: Design Strategies for Receptor-Mediated Organ Targeting and Advanced Theranostic Applications.

Jayaraj Beliraya, Raagul Seenivasan, Praveen Halagali, Mahalaxmi Rathnanand, Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jayaraj BelirayaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Raagul SeenivasanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-3528
Praveen HalagaliDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-8416
Mahalaxmi RathnanandDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-2836
Vamshi Krishna TippavajhalaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. vamshi.krishna@manipal.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-9550

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liposomes are among the most advanced drug-delivery technologies in modern nanomedicine, with high biocompatibility, structural diversity, and surface activity. They can carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. While they have been successfully applied in drug therapy to enhance pharmacokinetics and minimize systemic side effects, traditional liposomes rely on passive targeting mechanisms, including the EPR effect, to deliver drugs to targeted sites, with a high risk of non-specific distribution in the body. In contrast, carbohydrate-functionalized liposomes represent a biologically inspired drug delivery approach that utilizes the natural specificity of carbohydrate-receptor interactions to enable organ- or cell-specific drug delivery. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of ligand selection, surface modification, conjugation chemistry, and critical quality attributes that define biological performance and robustness in drug delivery systems. Organ-specific drug delivery systems are presented, including glucose, mannose, or chitosan-functionalized liposomes for targeting the brain, galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine-based systems for targeting hepatocytes, or hyaluronic acid, fucose, or sialic acid-functionalized liposomes for targeting tumours or immune systems, respectively. Recent advancements in multi-ligand systems, stimulus-responsive systems, or biodegradable glycan surfaces have demonstrated their potential to control glycan presentation, thus controlling drug activity in drug delivery systems. In addition, challenges in glycan-based drug delivery systems, including their synthesis, stability, or safety, have been addressed, with future research directions focusing on glycomics, receptor research, or microfluidic engineering in the development of novel biomimetic drug delivery systems with disease-responsive, organ-specific, or targeted drug delivery capabilities.

Indexed as

CarbohydratesDrug CarriersLiposomesNanoparticlesAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsHumansLigandsTheranostic NanomedicineCarbohydratesDrug CarriersLigandsLiposomescarbohydratecationic polysaccharidehepatocytesliposomesorgan targeted delivery

Identifiers

PMID42215837

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.