SynthesisRevista de neurologia2026
P300 Event-Related Potentials as Cognitive Biomarkers in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Revista de neurologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNeurological and neuropsychiatric disorders constitute a major global health challenge. The P300 event-related potential, an electroencephalography-derived measure of cognitive processing, has emerged as a promising biomarker for diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and outcome prediction. This systematic review examines P300's role across neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, evaluating how P300 latency (processing speed) and amplitude (attentional resource allocation) may reflect neurocognitive dysfunction.
methodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials and controlled studies published January 2020-August 2025. Six research domains were examined: dementia spectrum disorders (Research Question, RQ1), acquired brain injury and disorders of consciousness (RQ2), mood and anxiety disorders (RQ3), neurodevelopmental disorders (RQ4), psychotic disorders and addiction (RQ5), and chronic neurological conditions (RQ6). Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Cochrane tool. Of 125 records identified, 52 studies met the inclusion criteria.
resultsP300 emerged as a promising transdiagnostic biomarker. Prolonged latency and reduced amplitude consistently characterized clinical populations versus controls (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.89 to -0.55; I
conclusionsP300 shows promise as a non-invasive biomarker for cognitive dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders. Its diagnostic utility, treatment responsiveness, and prognostic potential support clinical translation. Near-term applications include consciousness assessment, cognitive screening in dementia, and treatment monitoring. However, standardization of protocols, multi-site validation, and scalable technologies require further development. Advancing P300 research through interdisciplinary collaboration may contribute to precision psychiatry and population-level mental health strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.