Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42216677›Full record

ArticleBiopharmaceutics & drug disposition2026

Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Atazanavir and Favipiravir Following Echinacea Supplementation: A Controlled Herb-Drug Interaction Investigation.

Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula, Jeevan Sai Kallam, Aarika Kanukolanu, Ganesh Korada, Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Siva Nageswara Rao GajulaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-4282
Jeevan Sai KallamDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8964-5711
Aarika KanukolanuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1569-1093
Ganesh KoradaMultidisciplinary Unit of Research on Translational Initiatives-Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (MURTI-SAIF), GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Lakshmi Vineela NallaDepartment of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-1099

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Echinacea is a widely used herbal supplement and is frequently co-administered with antiviral drugs, raising concerns regarding potential herb-drug interactions. This study evaluated the effect of repeated Echinacea administration on the pharmacokinetics of favipiravir and atazanavir in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered Echinacea (250 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily for 10 days, followed by a single oral dose of favipiravir (70 mg/kg) or atazanavir (35 mg/kg). Plasma drug concentrations were quantified using validated LC-MS/MS methods, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Echinacea co-administration did not significantly alter favipiravir exposure (C

Indexed as

AmidesAntiviral AgentsAtazanavir SulfateEchinaceaHerb-Drug InteractionsPyrazinesAnimalsArea Under CurveDietary SupplementsMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAmidesAntiviral AgentsAtazanavir SulfatefavipiravirPyrazinesantiviral therapyatazanavirEchinaceafavipiravirherb‐drug interactionLC‐MS/MSpharmacokinetics

Identifiers

PMID42216677
PMCPMC13626312

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.