Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42218196›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Conserved mRNA expression patterns of the Klotho family in canine mammary tumors and human breast cancer.

Luciana Kluppel, Rebecca R Florke Gee, Tanja Plavec, Tanja Švara, Juan Sebastian Solano Gutierrez, Maria Camila Hoyos Sanchez, Vladimira Erjavec, Joseph Emmons, Heather Sheppard, Matej Tacer and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Luciana KluppelSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA.
Rebecca R Florke GeeSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA.
Tanja PlavecSmall Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tanja ŠvaraInstitute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Juan Sebastian Solano GutierrezSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA.
Maria Camila Hoyos SanchezSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA.
Vladimira ErjavecSmall Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Joseph EmmonsVeterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Heather SheppardVeterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Matej TacerUnited States Postal Service, Washington, DC, USA.
Denis ŠtepiharSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA.
Alicia K OlivierDepartment of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.
Mitja GombačInstitute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Fernanda RosaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA. ftrindad@ttu.edu.
Klementina Fon TacerSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, USA. fontacer@ttu.edu.

Funding

Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas RR200059
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are a naturally occurring comparative model for human breast cancer (HBC) due to their genetic, molecular, and epidemiological similarities. Our previous study in HBC suggested that αKlotho and βKlotho function as tumor suppressors, but γKlotho has an oncogenic effect. Strikingly, we found γKlotho to be overexpressed in more than 65% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases. However, the expression and role of Klothos in CMTs have not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of the Klotho family, hormone receptors, and FGFRs in 67 fresh-frozen and archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CMTs stratified by histologic subtype. We validated our findings with a publicly available dataset comprising 157 CMTs. Compared with adjacent normal tissue, we found that αKlotho and βKlotho mRNA levels were reduced in CMTs, but γKlotho mRNA expression was increased, with higher levels observed in more aggressive tumors. Differential expression analysis comparing γKlotho-high and -low tumors identified 52 genes that were similarly dysregulated in human and canine datasets, with enrichment in androgen receptor (AR), VEGF, and ERK signaling pathways. The similar expression patterns of Klothos in HBC and CMTs suggest Klothos may have conserved roles in CMT pathogenesis. Further investigation is warranted to determine γKlotho's potential as a prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in humans and dogs.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGlucuronidaseMammary Neoplasms, AnimalRNA, MessengerAnimalsDogsFemaleHumansKlotho ProteinsGlucuronidaseKlotho ProteinsRNA, MessengerCanine mammary tumorsComparative oncologyHuman breast cancerKlothoLctlTriple-negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID42218196
PMCPMC13458340

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.