Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42219271›Full record

SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

The Impact of GLP-1-Based Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Shih-Ming Chuang, Sung-Chen Liu, Kuo-Liong Chien, Cheng-Jui Lin, Ming-Chieh Tsai, Hong-Mou Shih

Abstract readNetwork Meta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shih-Ming ChuangSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8622-1968
Sung-Chen LiuSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Kuo-Liong ChienInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Cheng-Jui LinSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Ming-Chieh TsaiSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Hong-Mou ShihSchool of Medicine, College of Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8344-5309

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsTo provide updated agent-level comparative estimates of GLP-1-based therapies for cardiovascular outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a hazard ratio (HR)-based systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA).

methodsPubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched through December 2025 for randomized controlled trials evaluating GLP-1-based therapies in adults with T2DM and reporting time-to-event cardiovascular outcomes. Pairwise meta-analyses and a frequentist random-effects NMA were performed for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and non-fatal stroke.

resultsFifteen trials involving 97,173 participants were included. In pairwise placebo-controlled analyses, GLP-1-based therapies significantly reduced all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and MACE. In the NMA, mortality estimates for several agents favoured benefit, although most comparisons were not statistically significant. For MACE, efpeglenatide, albiglutide and injectable semaglutide showed the most favourable comparative profiles. Albiglutide reduced non-fatal MI versus placebo, whereas non-fatal stroke estimates were imprecise.

conclusionsGLP-1-based therapies were associated with an overall favourable cardiovascular profile in T2DM. Pairwise analyses supported class-level benefit, whereas between-agent differences were more evident for MACE than for mortality outcomes in the NMA.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide 1Hypoglycemic AgentsHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSemaglutideTirzepatideTreatment OutcomeGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Hypoglycemic AgentsSemaglutideTirzepatidecardiovascular outcomesGLP‐1 receptor agonistmajor adverse cardiovascular eventsnetwork meta‐analysistirzepatideType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID42219271
PMCPMC13341365

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.