Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42219936›Full record

ArticleThe Veterinary record2026

An investigation of feeding instructions on cat food labels in Belgium and comparison with European industry energy intake recommendations.

Marie F Menniti, Annabelle Dewulf, Francisco Poblanno, Angela Witzel-Rollins, Adronie Verbrugghe, Myriam Hesta

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in The Veterinary record, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marie F MennitiDepartment of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4258-9661
Annabelle DewulfDepartment of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Francisco PoblannoDepartment of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Angela Witzel-RollinsSmall Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Adronie VerbruggheDepartment of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Myriam HestaDepartment of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is concern that feeding instructions on commercial cat food labels may overestimate energy needs of cats, especially with the high prevalence of overweight and obese cats. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the feeding recommendations provided on cat food labels in Belgium against the Fédération Européenne de l'Industrie des Aliments pour Animaux Familiers (FEDIAF) average recommendations for adult cat energy intake.

methodsFeeding instructions from cat foods, labelled as nutritionally complete for adults and available in Belgian shops, were analysed. Energy intake recommendations of individual labels and intake medians across groups of labels were evaluated against average energy factors established by FEDIAF.

resultsMost of the individual cat food labels analysed recommended a mean daily energy intake within the average FEDIAF-established range. Statistical medians of label recommendations across groups of products were compared with FEDIAF-recommended energy factors in both weight groups. Feeding instructions given in grams aligned more closely with FEDIAF guidelines when compared to those using the package as the measuring unit. LIMITATIONS: Feeding instructions were interpreted based on label content, which may not reflect owner practices. Additionally, some estimates relied on assumed food energy values using information available on the package labels.

conclusionsWhile feeding recommendations on cat food labels offer a useful starting point for determining daily portion sizes, this study highlights the importance of cat owners' understanding in how to adjust daily food intake to maintain their cat's ideal bodyweight.

Indexed as

Animal FeedEnergy IntakeFood LabelingAnimalsBelgiumCatsHumans

Identifiers

PMID42219936
PMCPMC13377937

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.