Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42220694›Full record

ArticleCureus2026

Association Between Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Adults.

Tehzeeb Abdul Sattar, Navpreet Batth, Samirah Mohammed Khan, Daud Gul, Eemaz Nathaniel, Nidhi Reji, Jisha Jayanand Sheela, Waqar Ahmed Cheema, Youssef Mohamed Fawzi Moustafa Ahmed, Haya Mohanned M T Saffarini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tehzeeb Abdul SattarPathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK.
Navpreet BatthInternal Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, GBR.
Samirah Mohammed KhanInternal Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, GBR.
Daud GulFamily Medicine, Dr. Anthony Davies Family Practice, Waterloo, CAN.
Eemaz NathanielMedicine, Rehman Medical College, Peshawar, PAK.
Nidhi RejiGeneral Surgery, The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, GBR.
Jisha Jayanand SheelaEndocrinology, Good Hope Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, GBR.
Waqar Ahmed CheemaMedicine, Independent Medical College, Faisalabad, PAK.
Youssef Mohamed Fawzi Moustafa AhmedMedicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE.
Haya Mohanned M T SaffariniMedicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, ARE.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a microbiota-derived metabolite in the gut, has recently become a putative biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nonetheless, there is little evidence that plasma TMAO levels are linked with increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in individuals without symptoms. The study aimed to assess the association between plasma TMAO concentration and subclinical atherosclerosis in seemingly healthy adults.

methodsThe study used a hospital-based cross-sectional observational design with asymptomatic adults aged 25 to 60 years without a known history of cardiovascular disease. There was a collection of demographic and clinical data, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Venous blood samples were collected after fasting, and plasma TMAO was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CIMT measured by ultrasound was used to assess subclinical atherosclerosis. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between TMAO and CIMT.

resultsThere was a strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation between plasma TMAO levels and CIMT (r = 0.771, p < 0.001). TMAO was also associated with age (r = 0.587) and BMI (r = 0.234), with moderate and weak associations, respectively. The multiple regression analysis showed that age had the strongest association with CIMT, followed by TMAO and BMI. Higher TMAO and CIMT levels were observed in males and in individuals with multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia), as well as those with higher red meat intake.

conclusionPlasma TMAO levels were significantly associated with increased CIMT in asymptomatic adults. These findings suggest a potential link between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and increased CIMT. However, due to the cross-sectional design, causality and predictive utility cannot be established, and longitudinal studies are required.

Indexed as

cardiovascular riskcarotid intima-media thicknessgut microbiotasubclinical atherosclerosistmaotrimethylamine n-oxide

Identifiers

PMID42220694
PMCPMC13216708

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.