ReviewAACE endocrinology and diabetes
Incretin-Based Therapy and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Review in AACE endocrinology and diabetes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The association between incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and thyroid cancer risk remains controversial. Conflicting observational findings highlight the need for evidence derived exclusively from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objectives: To evaluate the association between incretin-based therapies and thyroid cancer risk using RCT data. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through January 4, 2026, for RCTs of approved incretin-based therapies with ≥26 weeks of follow-up that reported thyroid cancer events. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Pooled odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Results: Fifteen RCTs enrolling 84 237 participants were included. Across all trials, 28 thyroid cancer events occurred in the incretin-based therapy groups and 15 in the control groups. Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant association between incretin-based therapy use and thyroid cancer risk (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 0.86-2.68; I Conclusions: RCT evidence does not demonstrate a statistically significant increase in thyroid cancer risk with incretin-based therapies. However, limited follow-up and imprecision prevent exclusion of a clinically relevant increase, supporting the need for long-term surveillance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.