ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Progress in mechanistic and clinical translational research of endothelin A receptor antagonists in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a narrative review.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Despite advances in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), substantial residual renal risk persists. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), primarily via endothelin A (ETA) receptor activation, plays a central role in glomerular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Methodology: This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the mechanistic basis and clinical translation of ETA receptor antagonists (ERAs) in DKD. Relevant preclinical and clinical studies were identified through structured literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, focusing on mechanistic insights, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profiles. Results: Preclinical studies across diabetic models (e.g., streptozotocin-induced and db/db mice) demonstrate that ETA antagonism reduces glomerular hypertension, preserves podocyte integrity, and attenuates inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways. In clinical settings, the SONAR trial showed that atrasentan significantly reduced the risk of renal events (hazard ratio ~0.65) and achieved approximately 30-40% reduction in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in selected responders. However, ERA therapy is associated with fluid retention and increased heart failure risk. Notably, a biomarker-guided enrichment strategy, based on early albuminuria response during a run-in phase, improved patient selection and benefit-risk balance. Conclusion: ETA receptor antagonists represent a promising mechanism-based adjunctive therapy for DKD. Their future role is likely to be integrated within combination regimens alongside SGLT2 inhibitors and MRAs, guided by biomarker-driven precision medicine approaches to optimize efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.