ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2026
Bidirectional associations between insomnia symptoms and depression: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDepression and insomnia are both prevalent in older adults and exhibit a bidirectional relationship. Difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) and difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) are major symptoms of insomnia. However, whether and how these two insomnia symptoms differ in their associations with depression among older adults is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between insomnia symptoms (DIS and DMS) and depressive symptoms among older adults.
methodsWe used data of the 3,377 community-dwelling older adults from five waves (2011-2015) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative survey of Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Insomnia symptoms included self-reports of DIS and DMS. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the concurrent and lagged associations between insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms.
resultsParticipants were on average 76.0 ± 7.1 years old, predominantly female (59.2%), and non-Hispanic white (72.1%). Both DIS and DMS were concurrently associated with depressive symptoms. Longitudinally, DIS predicted subsequent depressive symptoms even after full adjustment, whereas DMS did not. Conversely, depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with both DIS and DMS, but only predicted subsequent DIS, not DMS.
conclusionsThese findings underscore the bidirectional yet distinct relationships between specific insomnia symptoms and depression in older adults. DIS shows consistent bidirectional associations with depressive symptoms, while DMS is only concurrently associated. Understanding the specific interplay between these conditions may enable the development of more targeted and effective prevention and treatment strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42223653What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.